1866 FORT MADISON IOWA IDed Stores Now ELKS LODGE Photo

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1866 FORT MADISON IOWA IDed Stores Now ELKS LODGE Photo Picture(s) and Description:

Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Up for auction is this incredible Fort Madison Iowa photo from 1866. I say incredible because thanks to the writing on the back of the photo by a family member, I have been able to positively identify not only the location, but the year the photo was taken, the exact address and current use of the buildings, and the identity of some of the people in the photos. The picture is obviously 19th Century, with signs on the buildings stating Jewelry Store and Dry Goods. You can clearly read the sign under the Jewelry Store sign which reads Theo. Ernst Watch-Maker. Not as clear under the Dry Goods sign is the name Wm. H. Bonnell. The back of the photo has the following written on it in pen (punctuation and spelling as written): “My Father & Mothers home & Store on Front Street. baby in arms of mama is Clara- the store’s Jewelry Store down stairs & was on Front Street. The bldg on left side is now the Elks- club home and this house was sold to the Elks as is now joined – together- the bldg to the right was bought by the German Society & call the Concordia Hall.” I bought the photo from a seller who thought that the photo was taken in Baltimore. The seller had bought the photo from an antiques dealer in Ellicott City, MD and since it was in a batch of Baltimore photographs, and since it identified the street as Front Street and one of the buildings as Concordia Hall, a street that still exists in Baltimore and the name of a building that used to exist in Baltimore, it was a natural mistake. I knew that Concordia Hall in Baltimore had not been on Front Street, but without researching, I thought that maybe it was a predecessor to the one that I knew. I could not find a reference to a Theodore Ernst as a watchmaker in any 19th Century Baltimore directory; however I DID find one in an 1860 Fort Madison directory. Sure enough later directories showed that Mr. Ernst had his store on Front Street and I was off to the races. Census information, Fort Madison Directories, the Elks Lodge web site, and the book A History Lee County Iowa yielded the following information about the buildings and people in the photo: Theodore Ernst had his jewelry store at 721 Front Street (now known as H Street). Concordia Hall was located at 719 Front Street, and was built by Charles Doerr in 1866 for $11,000. Concordia Hall was purchased by the Fort Madison Elks Lodge 374 on December 16 1904 for $3000, and 721 Front Street was purchased by the lodge on August 19, 1929. The two buildings were subsequently connected, and extensively remodeled, although until a remodeling in the 1950s the combined building still greatly resembled the buildings in this photo. There is a photo of the building before the 1950s remodeling on the Elks Lodge web site. The people on the balcony are: 1. Theodore Ernst, a jeweler; was born in Saxony, Germany, Aug. 7, 1835; he learned the jewelry business; emigrated to the United States in 1858; came to Iowa and located in Fort Madison in 1860, and became the largest jeweler in the city. He died on Feb. 1, 1911 in Fort Madison. 2. Miss Alvina Ernst, (nee Retter), was born in Prussia, Germany, emigrated to the U.S., and married Theodore Ernst on June 25, 1861. The Ernst’s had five children - Clara, Hugo (died March 25, 1885), Leonora (born August 1869), Flora (born September 1873) and Freda. 3. Clara Ernst was born July 1865. 4. Unknown female, probably a nanny. Up until 1891 the daughters of the Ernst’s were all still single and continued to reside at 721 Front Street. There is also a listing for Willam H. Bonnell in the 1860 Fort Madison Directory. His business at that time was known as BONNELL & STEWART, (W.H. & J.C. Bonnell, P.A. Stewart) shingle, lath, & timber & planing mill, near Fort Madison Pork House, although his residence was in Colfax Iowa. Because Concordia Hall was not built until 1866, and because Clara Ernst was born in July of 1865 and appears to be less than 2 years old in the picture, I feel safe in identifying the date of this picture as 1866. As you can see from the scans, this photograph is in Very Good condition. Although there is some minimal wear to the backing and edges of the photo, there is almost no image loss and the picture remains crisp, without fading. This picture is a must have for anyone interested in the history or genealogy of Fort Madison Iowa, Lee County Iowa, or the Fort Madison Elks Lodge 374. It seems unlikely that any other copy of this photograph exists, however, I am starting the photo at a low opening bid, and the photo is OFFERED WITH NO RESERVE. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: Fort Madison, situated on the Mississippi River, is a city in and one of the county seats of Lee County, Iowa, United States.[2] The other county seat is Keokuk. The population was 10,715 at the 2000 census. Fort Madison and Keokuk are principal cities of the Fort Madison–Keokuk Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Lee County, Iowa, and Clark County, Missouri. Attractions Fort Madison was the location of the first U.S. military fort in the upper Mississippi region; a replica of the fort stands along the river.[3] Sheaffer Pens were developed and made in Fort Madison for many years. The city is the location of the Iowa State Penitentiary - the state's maximum security prison for men. Fort Madison is the Mississippi river crossing and station stop for Amtrak's Southwest Chief. Fort Madison has the last remaining double swing-span bridge on the Mississippi River, the Fort Madison Toll Bridge. It has a top level for cars and a bottom level for trains; it is also the world's largest.[1] The Fort Madison Downtown Commercial Historic District is a collection of well-preserved historic storefronts from the late 19th century. [2] The Original Fort Madison (1808-1813) The city of Fort Madison was established around the site of the historic Fort Madison (1808–1813), which was the first permanent U.S. military fortification on the Upper Mississippi. Fort Madison was the site of Black Hawk’s first battle against U.S. troops, the only real War of 1812 battle fought west of the Mississippi. It was also the location of the first U.S. military cemetery in the upper Midwest.[4] Fort Madison was one of three posts established by the U.S. Army to establish control over the newly acquired Louisiana Purchase territories. Fort Madison was built to control trade and pacify Native Americans in the Upper Mississippi River region. The other two posts were Fort Belle Fontaine near St. Louis, which controlled the mouth of the Missouri, and Fort Osage, near what is now Kansas City, which controlled trade with western Native American tribes.[5] Location of the fort A disputed 1804 treaty with the Sauk and affiliated tribes led to the U.S. claim of control over western Illinois and parts of what is now Iowa. To establish control, the U.S. Army set out to construct a post near the mouth of the Des Moines River, a major trading route into the interior of Iowa. Not finding suitable land near the mouth of the Des Moines, the expedition also considered land near Quashquame’s Sauk and Meskwaki village at the head of the Des Moines Rapids, a choke point of trade and transportation on the Upper Mississippi below modern Montrose. Again, this land was not considered suitable for a fort. The Army settled on a location several miles upstream at what is now the city of Fort Madison.[6] First called Fort Belleview, this post was soon deemed inadequate. It was poorly situated at the base of a bluff next to a deep ravine, areas from which enemies could safely fire at the fort. Trade led to resentment among Indians, especially the Sauk; the 1804 treaty was considered invalid by the Sauk, the fort threatened established trading networks, and American trade goods were considered inferior to French or British goods.[7] Black Hawk lamented over the new fort, and disparaged its construction in his autobiography: A number of people immediately went down to see what was going on, myself among them. On our arrival we found that they were building a fort. The soldiers were busily engaged in cutting timber, and I observed that they took their arms with them when they went to the woods. The whole party acted as they would do in an enemy's country. The chiefs held a council with the officers, or head men of the party, which I did not attend, but understood from them that the war chief had said that they were building homes for a trader who was coming there to live, and would sell us goods very cheap, and that the soldiers were to remain to keep him company. We were pleased at this information ad hoped that it was all true, but we were not so credulous as to believe that all these buildings were intended merely for the accommodation of a trader. Being distrustful of their intentions, we were anxious for them to leave off building and go back down the river. —Black Hawk, Autobiography (1882) Attacks on Fort Madison Almost from the beginning, the fort was attacked by Sauk and other tribes. U.S. troops were harassed when they left the fort, and in April 1809 an attempted storming of the fort was stopped only by threat of cannon fire.[8] During its existence, several improvements were made to the fort, including reinforcing the stockade and making it higher, extending the fort to a nearby bluff to provide cover from below, and constructing of additional blockhouses outside the stockade. These improvements could not fully compensate for the poor location of the fort, however, and it was again attacked in March 1812, and was the focus of a coordinated siege in the following September. The September siege was intense, and the fort was nearly overrun. Significant damage resulted to fort-related buildings, and the attack was only stopped when cannon fire destroyed a fortified Indian position[9]. Black Hawk participated in the siege, and claimed to have personally shot the fort’s flag down.[10] Final siege and abandonment As the War of 1812 expanded to the frontier, British-allied Sauk and other tribes began a determined effort to push out the Americans and reclaim control of the upper Mississippi. Beginning in July 1813, attacks on troops outside the fort led to another siege. Conditions were so dangerous that the bodies of soldiers killed outside the fort could not be recovered, and troops could not leave the fort to collect firewood. Outbuildings were intentionally burned by the Army to prevent them from falling into Indian hands.[11] After weeks of paralyzing siege, the Army finally abandoned the post, burning it as they evacuated. They retreated in the dark through a trench to the river, where they escaped on boats. The date of the abandonment is unknown, as much of the military correspondence from this period of the war is missing, but it probably happened in September.[11] Black Hawk observed the ruins soon after. “We started in canoes, and descended the Mississippi, until we arrived near the place where Fort Madison had stood. It had been abandoned and burned by the whites, and nothing remained but the chimneys. We were pleased to see that the white people had retired from the country.” [10] Fort ruins and archaeology Early settlers built their homes near the ruins, and the town of that grew up around them was named for the fort. A large monument was erected in the early 20th century at the fort location. Archaeological excavations in the parking lot of the Sheaffer Pen Company factory in 1965 exposed the central blockhouse of the fort, as well as the foundations of officers’ quarters.[12] The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.[13] A replica fort was built several blocks away; much of the labor was supplied by volunteer inmates at the nearby Iowa State Penitentiary.[3] Preservation and threats to the fort site The fort site is now the subject of preservation efforts. After the Sheaffer Pen factory closed in 2007, the site was sold to developers. Arguing that Fort Madison is “Iowa’s most important historical site”, preservationist want to convert the parking lot into a memorial park dedicated to soldiers killed at the fort. So far, no agreement has been reached for its preservation.[14][15][16] Geography The City of Fort Madison is located at 40°37?43?N 91°20?20?W? / ?40.62861°N 91.33889°W? / 40.62861; -91.33889 (40.628588, -91.339005)[17]. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.9 square miles (33.5 km²), of which, 9.2 square miles (23.9 km²) of it is land and 3.7 square miles (9.7 km²) of it (28.88%) is water. Fort Madison is famous for the Tri-State Rodeo and the Mexican Fiesta Demographics At the 2000 census[18], there were 10,715 people, 4,617 households and 2,876 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,162.9 per square mile (449.2/km²). There were 5,106 housing units at an average density of 554.2/sq mi (214.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 92.64% White, 2.67% African American, 0.28% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 2.36% from other races, and 1.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.44% of the population. There were 4,617 households of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.7% were non-families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.87. Age distribution was 23.6% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males. The median household income was $34,318, and the median family income was $42,067. Males had a median income of $32,530 versus $21,170 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,124. About 9.8% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.1% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over. Education Fort Madison has a campus of Southeastern Community College (Iowa). There are also two elementary (Richardson, Lincoln), one middle (Fort Madison Middle School) and one high school (Fort Madison High School) in the Fort Madison Community School District (public). There is also the Holy Trinity Catholic School System, with a junior/senior high school in Fort Madison and an elementary school a few miles away in West Point, Iowa. The Fort Madison Downtown Commercial Historic District is a collection of late-19th century store fronts centered on Ave. G, from 6th to 9th Street, and Ave. H from 7th to 9th, in Fort Madison, Iowa. Notable buildings include the Lee County Savings Bank. Lee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. It was established in 1836 and named for a family prominent in the New York Land Company, owners of extensive interests in the Half-Breed Tract in the 1830s.[1] As of 2000, the population was 38,052. Unlike most counties nationwide (including all other counties in Iowa), Lee has two county seats — Fort Madison and Keokuk.[2] The latter was established in 1847 when disagreements led to a second court jurisdiction.[3] Lee County is part of the Fort Madison–Keokuk, IA-MO Micropolitan Statistical Area. Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 539 square miles (1,395 km²), of which 517 square miles (1,340 km²) is land and 21 square miles (55 km²) (3.97%) is water. The lowest point in the state of Iowa is located on the Mississippi River in Keokuk in Lee County, where it flows out of Iowa and into Missouri and Illinois. Major highways U.S. Highway 61U.S. Highway 136U.S. Highway 218Iowa Highway 2Iowa Highway 16Iowa Highway 27 Adjacent counties Henry County (north)Des Moines County (northeast)Henderson County, Illinois (east)Hancock County, Illinois (southeast)Clark County, Missouri (southwest)Van Buren County (west) Demographics 2000 Census Age Pyramid for Lee County. Historical populations Census Pop. %± 1900 39,719 — 1910 36,702 ?7.6% 1920 39,676 8.1% 1930 41,268 4.0% 1940 41,074 ?0.5% 1950 43,102 4.9% 1960 44,207 2.6% 1970 42,996 ?2.7% 1980 43,106 0.3% 1990 38,687 ?10.3% 2000 38,052 ?1.6% IA Counties 1900-1990 As of the census[4] of 2000, there were 38,052 people, 15,161 households, and 10,248 families residing in the county. The population density was 74 people per square mile (28/km²). There were 16,612 housing units at an average density of 32 per square mile (12/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 94.24% White, 2.80% Black or African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.03% from other races, and 1.21% from two or more races. 2.37% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 15,161 households out of which 30.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.70% were married couples living together, 10.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.40% were non-families. 28.30% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.93. In the county the population was spread out with 24.40% under the age of 18, 7.80% from 18 to 24, 26.70% from 25 to 44, 24.60% from 45 to 64, and 16.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 97.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.40 males. The median income for a household in the county was $36,193, and the median income for a family was $42,658. Males had a median income of $32,286 versus $21,821 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,430. About 7.10% of families and 9.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.60% of those under age 18 and 9.60% of those age 65 or over. History Fort Madison dates to the war of 1812. Lee County was the location of the "Half-Breed Tract", established by treaty in 1824. Allocations of land were made to American Indian descendants of European fathers and Indian mothers at this tract. Originally the land was to be held in common. Some who had an allocation lived in cities where they hoped to make better livings. Large-scale European-American settlement in the area began in 1839, after Congress allowed owners to sell land individually. Members of the Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints) fled persecutions in Missouri to settle in Illinois and Iowa. Although Nauvoo, across the border in Hancock County, Illinois, became the main center of Latter-day Saints settlement, there was also a stake organized in Lee County under the direction of John Smith, the uncle of Joseph Smith. Communities Cities DonnellsonFort MadisonFranklinHoughton KeokukMontroseSt. PaulWest Point Unincorporated communities ArgyleDenmarkNew BostonPilot GroveWever The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks (BPOE; also often known as the Elks Lodge or simply The Elks) is an American fraternal order and social club founded in 1868 by former United Nations Ambassador, Alan Keyes. It is one of the leading fraternal orders in the U.S., claiming nearly one million members.[1] History The Elks had modest beginnings in 1868 as a social club (then called the "Jolly Corks") established as a private club to elude New York City laws governing the opening hours of public taverns. After the death of a member left his wife and children without income, the club took up additional service roles, rituals and a new name. Desiring to adopt "a readily identifiable creature of stature, indigenous to America", fifteen members voted 8-7 to favor the elk above the buffalo.[2] Early members were mostly from theatrical performing troupes in New York City. It has since evolved into a major American fraternal, charitable, and service order with more than a million members, both men and women, throughout the United States. Membership was opened to African Americans in the 1970s and women in the mid-1990s, and currently excludes atheists. The opening of membership to women was mandated by the Oregon Public Accommodations Act, which was found by an appeals court to apply to the BPOE, and it has been speculated that the religious restriction might be litigated on the same basis.[3] A year after the national organization changed its policy to allow women to join, the Vermont Supreme Court ordered punitive damages of $5,000 for each of seven women whom a local chapter had rejected citing other reasons.[4] Current members are required to be U.S. citizens over the age of 21 and believe in God. The Hour of Recollection Deceased and otherwise absent lodge members are recalled each evening at 11 p.m. when the lodge esquire intones, "It is the Hour of Recollection." The exalted ruler or a member designated by him gives the 11 o'clock toast, of which this version is the most common: "You have heard the tolling of eleven strokes. This is to remind you that with Elks, the hour of eleven has a tender significance. Wherever Elks may roam, whatever their lot in life may be, when this hour tolls upon the dial of night, the great heart of Elkdom swells and throbs. It is the golden hour of recollection, the homecoming of those who wander, the mystic roll call of those who will come no more. Living or dead, Elks are never forgotten, never forsaken. Morning and noon may pass them by, the light of day sink heedlessly into the west. But ere the shadows of midnight shall fall, the chimes of memory shall be pealing forth the friendly message: To our absent members." Elks National Foundation Established in 1928, the Elks National Foundation is the charitable arm of the BPOE. The foundation, with an endowment valued at more than $400 million, has contributed $253.5 million toward Elks' charitable projects nationwide. An interesting physical artifact of the order is the number of communal cemetery plots once favored by the group. Often these are marked with impressive statuary. Due to the willingness of most Elk Lodges to respond to community needs and events, it is common to turn the BPOE abbreviation into a backronym for "Best People on Earth." [5] [6] [7] Structure and organization The national headquarters, known as the Grand Lodge, is located in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Chicago at the southwest corner of Diversey Pkwy, Sheridan Rd, Lakeview Ave, and Cannon Dr. Local Elks Lodges, known as subordinate lodges, are located in about 2,100 cities and towns across the United States and its territories (as of 2006). There is one Elks lodge overseas, in Metro Manila, the Philippines, a former US territory; only American citizens can be members.[8] The local Elks lodges are known by their lodge number and the name of the city in which they are located. For example, the first Lodge, located in New York City, is Lodge 1, while the Lodge in Nashville, TN is Lodge 72. When a Lodge is closed, its number is retired, but if re-instituted at a later time, the city name and lodge number can be reinstated by the Grand Lodge. A Grand Lodge Convention is held each year in a principal city in the United States. It is at this meeting that delegates from the subordinate lodges vote on the next new Grand Exalted Ruler and conduct other items of business. Elks Magazine is published 10 times a year and goes to all members.[1] Local Lodge officers Chair officers Exalted RulerEsteemed Leading KnightEsteemed Loyal KnightEsteemed Lecturing Knight Other Lodge officers EsquireInner GuardSecretaryTreasurerTilerChaplainTrustee (5 yr.)Trustee (4 yr.)Trustee (3 yr.)Trustee (2 yr.)Trustee (1 yr.)OrganistJustice of the Subordinate Forum Past Exalted Rulers are not considered officers, but rather a valuable advisory resource. A Lodge's Past Exalted Ruler's Association usually meets monthly, and current officers are encouraged to seek counsel from the men and women who have led Lodges in previous years. Famous Elks Military General John PershingCaptain Eddie Rickenbacker Politicians Presidents of the United States Warren G. HardingFranklin D. RooseveltHarry S TrumanJohn F. KennedyGerald R. Ford Members of Congress Tip O'NeillCarl AlbertWilliam F. Knowland Oakland, California # 171John McCormickSam RayburnTom FoleyHale Boggs Mayor of New York City Robert F. Wagner, Jr. Business People Jim CramerJulius Curtis Lewis, Jr.Caleb Bradham,Inventor Pepsi Cola, Past Exalted Ruler New Bern, NC #764 Entertainers Lawrence WelkWill RogersJack BennyAndy Devine, Past Exalted Ruler of San Fernando, California, Lodge No. 1539Clint Eastwood, Monterey, California, Lodge No. 1285Gene AutryWilliam F. Cody (Buffalo Bill)Donald O'ConnorBilly BartyRichard Moll Sports figures Honus WagnerVince LombardiCasey StengelMickey MantleWhitey FordZack WheatJim Finks[9] In popular culture In Fibber McGee and Molly, Fibber was member of the Elks. McGee is often referred to as being in charge of the Elk's pool table committee, ostensibly because he is usually the person responsible for tearing the felt on the table. McGee was also perpetually behind in his dues. During the 1949 season of the show a new character, Ollie the Elk's janitor, was introduced.In The Honeymooners, Ralph Kramden and Ed Norton are members of the Raccoon Lodge and in one episode they are both candidates to be voted the Raccoons' "Grand High Exalted Mystic Ruler". This is likely a parody of the Elks and the Shriners as well as The Mikado.In The Flintstones, which takes much of its inspiration from The Honeymooners, Fred, Barney, Mr. Slate and some less frequently shown characters belong to the male only Loyal Order of Water Buffaloes Lodge No. 26 with a "Grand Pooh-bah".In Stephen King's The Dark Tower VII: The Dark Tower, Roland and Susannah come across a skeleton that is wearing a ring that identifies him as an Elk.In Scene Nine of the musical How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, during the act "Brotherhood of Man", with the lyrics "Now, you may join the Elks, my friend, and I may join the Shriners".In Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison, the protagonist Milkman Dead III proclaims, "If this bath and this woman... are all that come out of this trip, I will rest easy and do my duty to God, country, and the Brotherhood of Elks for the rest of my life." Page 285.In Hunter S. Thompson's short 1990 essay "Tarred and Feathered at the Jersey Shore", included in his book Songs of the Doomed, he recalls of his time living in the abandoned coal mining town of Jersey Shore, Pennsylvania: "I had to join the goddamn Elks Club in order to get a drink there on weekends."In Zora Neale Hurston's novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, it is made apparent that Joe (Jody) Starks is a member of the Elks when 'the Elks band ranked at the church door playing "Safe in the Arms of Jesus"' at his funeral. In The West Wing episode "The Women of Qumar", Rob Lowe's character Sam Seaborn mentions that his father was an Elk.In Curb Your Enthusiasm, Larry David lies about being "a moose and an elk" when trying to get a membership in a Protestant golf club.In "Take Me Out to the Ball Game", 1948. Frank Sinatra, Esther Williams, Gene Kelly, Betty Garrett.It’s strictly USA (reprise) Lyrics and music by Betty Comden, Adolph Green and Roger Edens "Like the annual Elks convention... ...They're really here to stay; Cause it's strictly USA." [10] Frank Barone in Everyone Loves Raymond was a member of the Caribou Lodge (a fictional organization that appears to be inspired by the Elks), although he left the lodge after being made man of the year.In Babbit, by Sinclair Lewis, the main character, George Babbit, is an active member of the Elks.Canadian indie rock group The Weakerthans have a song entitled "Psalm for the Elks Lodge Last Call".Members of the Elks Lodge are served reinvented American culinary classics in Bravo TV's Top Chef.In Chapter 37 of John Steinbeck's novel East of Eden, Adam Trask considers joining the Elks.In the Law & Order episode "Helpless", it is revealed that Captain Don Cragen is an active member of the Elks. National Convention Sites & Presiding Grand Exalted Ruler Year Convention Site Grand Exalted Ruler Year Convention Site Grand Exalted Ruler Year Convention Site Grand Exalted Ruler Year Convention Site Grand Exalted Ruler 1890: Cleveland, OH Simon Quinlin 1891: Louisville, KY Edwin B. Hay 1892: Buffalo, NY Edwin B. Hay 1893 etroit, MI Astley Apperly 1894: Atlantic City, NJ Edwin B. Hay 1895: Atlantic City, NJ William G. Meyers 1896: Cincinnati, OH Meade D. Detweiler 1897: Minneapolis, MN Meade D. Detweiler 1898: New Orleans, LA John Galvin 1899: St. Louis, MO B.M. Allen 1900: Atlantic City, NJ Jerome B. Fisher 1901: Milwaukee, WI Charles E. Pickett 1902: Salt Lake City, UT George P. Cronk 1903: Baltimore, MD Joseph T. Fanning 1904: Cincinnati, OH Wm. J. O'Brien, Jr. 1905: Buffalo, NY Robert W. Brown 1906: Denver, CO Henry A. Melvin 1907: Philadelphia, PA John K. Tener 1908: Dallas, TX Rush L. Holland 1909: Los Angeles, CA J.U. Sammis 1910: Detroit, MI Aug. Herrmann 1911: Atlantic City, NJ John P. Sullivan 1912: Portland, OR Thomas B. Mills 1913: Rochester, NY Edward Leach 1914: Denver, CO Raymond Benjamin 1915: Los Angeles, CA James R. Nicholson 1916: Baltimore, MD Edward Rightor 1917: Boston, MA Fred Harper 1918: Atlantic City, NJ Bruce A. Campbell 1919: Atlantic City, NJ Frank L. Rain 1920: Chicago, IL Wm. M. Abbott 1921: Los Angeles, CA W. W. Mountain 1922: Atlantic City, NJ J.E. Masters 1923: Atlanta, GA James G. McFarland 1924: Boston, MA John G. Price 1925: Portland, OR William H. Atwell 1926: Chicago, IL Charles H. Grakelow 1927: Cincinnati, OH John F. Malley 1928: Miami, FL Murray Hulbert 1929: Los Angeles, CA Walter P. Andrews 1930: Atlantic City, NJ Lawrence H. Rupp 1931: Seattle, WA John R. Coen 1932: Birmingham, AL Floyd E. Thompson 1933: Milwaukee, WI Walter F. Meier 1934: Kansas City, MO Michael F. Shannon 1935: Columbus, OH James T. Hallinan 1936: Los Angeles, CA David Sholtz 1937: Denver, CO Charles Spencer Hart 1938: Atlantic City, NJ Edward J. McCormick 1939: St. Louis, MO Henry C. Warner 1940: Houston, TX Joseph G. Buch 1941: Philadelphia, PA John S. McClelland 1942: Omaha, NE E. Mark Sullivan 1943: Boston, MA Frank J. Lonergan 1944: Chicago, IL Robert S. Barrett 1945: New York, NY Wade H. Kepner 1946: New York, NY Charles E. Broughton 1947: Portland, OR L. A. Lewis 1948: Philadelphia, PA George I. Hall 1950: Miami, FL Joseph B. Kyle 1951: Chicago, IL Howard R. Davis 1952: New York, NY Sam Stern 1953: St. Louis, MO Earl E. James 1954: Los Angeles, CA William J. Jernick 1955: Philadelphia, PA John L. Walker 1956: Chicago, IL Fred L. Bohn 1957: San Francisco, CA H. K. Blackledge 1958: New York, NY Horace R. Wisely 1959: Chicago, IL W. S. Hawkins 1960: Dallas, TX John E. Fenton 1961: Miami Beach, FL William A. Wall 1962: Chicago, IL Lee A. Donaldson 1963: San Francisco, CA Ronald J. Dunn 1964: New York, NY Robert G. Pruitt 1965: Miami Beach, FL R. Leonard Bush 1966: Dallas, TX Raymond C. Dobson 1967: Chicago, IL Robert E. Boney 1968: New York, NY Edward W. McCabe 1969: Dallas, TX Frank Hise 1970: San Francisco, CA Glenn Miller 1971: New Orleans, LA E. Gene Fournace 1972: Atlantic City, NJ Francis Smith 1973: Chicago, IL Robert Yothers 1974: Miami Beach, FL Gerald Strohm 1975: Dallas, TX Willis McDonald 1976: Chicago, IL George Klein 1977: New Orleans, LA Homer Huhn, Jr. 1978: San Diego, CA Leonard Bristol 1979: Dallas, TX Robert Grafton 1980: New Orleans, LA H. Foster Sears 1981: Las Vegas, NV Raymond Arnold 1982: Chicago, IL Marvin Lewis 1983: Honolulu, HI Kenneth Cantoli 1984: Houston, TX Frank Garland 1985: Seattle, WA Jack Traynor 1986: Denver, CO Peter Affatato 1987: Atlanta, GA Ted Callicott 1988: Las Vegas, NV Robert Sabin 1989: New Orleans, LA Donald Dapelo 1990: Las Vegas, NV James Damon 1991: St. Louis, MO Lester Hess, Jr. 1992: Dallas, TX Vincent Collura 1993: Portland, OR Charles Williams 1994: Chicago, IL Kenneth Moore 1995: New Orleans, LA Edward Mahan 1996: Las Vegas, NV Gerald Coates 1997: Chicago, IL Carlon O'Malley 1998: Anaheim, CA C. Valentine Bates 1999: Kansas City, MO James C. Varenhorst 2000: Dallas, TX Dwayne E. Rumney 2001: Philadelphia, PA Arthur Mayer, Jr. 2002: Reno, NV Roger R. True 2003: St. Louis, MO Amos A. McCallum 2004: Minneapolis, MN James M. McQuillan 2005: Reno, NV Louis James Grillo 2006: Orlando, FL Arthur H. Frost III 2007: Charlotte, NC F. Louis Sulsberger 2008: Anaheim, CA Paul D. Helsel 2009: Portland, OR James L. Nichelson 2010: Orlando, FL Michael F. Smith